Content and process theories of motivation essay example. Present your reflections on question 5 above, what are superior, content or process theories of motivation. The process theories of motivation where the content theories focus on the question of what motivates, the process theories address more the matters relating to how the process works and sustains itself over time, such as the aspects that determine the degree of effort, the continuation of effort, the modification of effort, etc. Motivation is a term used to describe those processes both institictive and rational, by which people seek to satisfy their basic drives, perceived needs and personal goals which. Doc theories of motivation content and process theories. The historical context of motivation and analysis theories. This essay will begin first of all by defining motivation as a business concept and then go on to present one process and content theory each before finally.
Motivation process theories explore process of motivation specifications. In other hand, they examine the manner of initiation and continuation of behavior and identify the. Thus, organizations can increase their productivity while decreasing their expenses. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory twofactor theory edit frederick herzberg felt that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction do not exist on the same continuum, but on dual scales. While process theories focus on how something happens, variance theories. We can also have process theories, which are concerned with the thought processes that influence our behaviour. This study examined the suitability of the motivation techniques used in the construction industry and their underlying theories. Two such theories are expectancy theory and equity theory. Mostly this is because of the very serious lack of sound data in this area.
Executive summary motivation theories are primarily divided into two major types which are the content theories and the process theories. Money, fame, power intrinsic motivation is something within the person that energizes behavior. Basically, process theories of motivation focus on how workers needs influence their own behaviour. They are concerned with types of incentives that drive people to attain need fulfillment. Hall believes motivation to be a process where members of a group pull together to effect an organisation through loyalty and commitment. This study examined the suitability of the motivation techniques used in the construction industry and. Motivation process is universal, all people are motivated to pursue goals they value. Process and content theory of motivation and how they apply to the work place 2047 words 9 pages. The work motivation theories can be broadly classified as content theories and process theories. Motivation is maximized by participative decision making, interesting jobs, and good group relations. Content and process theories of motivation quizlet. Pub type information analyses 070 reports general 140 edrs price mf01pc01 plus postage.
Aug 24, 20 theories of motivation overview of the content theories of motivation 1. Essay on content and process theories of motivation 4 words. The distinction between content and process theories. Extrinsic motivation is something outside the person that energizes behavior. We have appreciated earlier the importance of motivation in determining human behaviour.
The content theories of motivation in a historical perspective, the content theories tend to be the earliest theories of motivation or later modifications of early theories. Process theories are concerned with the thought processes that influence behaviour. Motivation is a process that starts with a physiological or psychological need that. In a historical perspective, the content theories tend to be the earliest theories of motivation or later modifications of early theories. This phenomenon is known as the frustrationregression process. The methodologies used in this report include a study and analysis of. In essence, these theories examine how a persons needs will affect his behavior in order to achieve a goal related to those needs. In this chapter, content and process related theories of work motivation are described and discussed. Content theories of motivation also referred to as needs theories focus on the needs that motivate behavior. Process and content theory of motivation and how they. The content theories are concerned with identifying the needs that people have and how needs are prioritized. I conceive this lack of sound facts to be due primarily to the absence of a valid theory of motivation.
The understanding of employee motivation can tremendously influence an organization. Not one process fits all individuals, and leaders and administrators in the public sector should look to use content theories as a way of identifying what makes individuals tick, and subsequently look to process theories as a way of beginning a way to motivate them. Essay on content and process theories of motivation 4. Motivation is the result of the interaction between an individual and a situation. Process theories of motivation try to explain why behaviors are initiated. Motivation is generally understood as the drive or the desire to do things. A criterionbased process was used to select nine middle school parents from grades 6, 7, and 8 as participants.
Although content and process theories are different in their basis, they both work for the same goal and in times can be combined or as in this case content theory can be a part of process theory to explain it more fully and efficiently or just to bring the highest level of efficiency. The sum total of motivation theories can be broadly classified into two main categories. This report aims to critically evaluate two process theories of motivation which is the expectancy theory by victor vroom and the equity theory by john stacy adams. The content and process theories of motivation provide human resource managers with the basic understanding of personal needs deficiencies, and how these needs can be transformed into motivated behavior. The distinction between content and process theories of motivation. Well known process theories are vrooms expectancy theory, fourdrive theory, skinners reinforcement theory and adams equity theory12. Process theories attempt to identify the relationship among the dynamic variables, which make up motivation. Motivation can lead to increased job performance, in less time, which adds to efficiency. These theories provide a much sounder explanation of work motivations. T here are areas of contrast and tension in the existing motivation theories. These theories focus on the mechanism by which we choose a target, and the effort that we exert to hit the target. Effective factors on motivation are not taken into account by process theories. Process theories of motivation organizational behavior. Application of motivation theories in the construction industry omotayo olugbenga aina department of building, obafemi awolowo university, ileife.
Mar 11, 2016 process cognitive theories of motivation 1 reinforcement theory. The term motivation can be described in many different formats and views, but according to dr stephen p. The theories given by vroom, porter and lawler, equity theory and attribution theory fall in this category. The processes that account for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort towards attaining a goal. Motivation theories instrumental theoriesthe individual engages in the behavior because she believes it will lead to certain outcome intrinsic theories the individual engages in the behavior because it is fun. A theory of human motivation 4 it is far easier to perceive and to criticize the aspects in motivation theory than to remedy them. Compare and contrast one process theory of motivation with one content theory. For instance, an employee might feel the need for more challenging work, for higher pay, for time off, or for the respect and admiration of colleagues. Relevance of theories of motivation in retail business.
The psychological and behavioral processes that motivate a person to act in a particular way are referred to as process theories of motivation. While process theories focus on how something happens, variance theories focus on why something happens. There are many theories of motivation, and they mostly give a relation or influence the outcomes of employee job satisfaction. One important area to address when studying employee motivation is interactions. This essay is focused on the exploration and comparison of alderfers and adams theories. Firstly, some approaches are designed to work with the internalcognitive aspect of the individual, like the content and process theories, while others concentrate on the individuals external context, such as reinforcement theories freedheim et al. The main difference between content and process theories is that content theory focuses on individual needs, while process theory focuses on behavior.
Difference between content theory and process theory. Robbins, this is the process that account for an individuals intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal s. Compare and contrast one process theory of motivation. Goal internalization theories an individual adopts an. A process theory is a system of ideas that explains how an entity changes and develops. Motivating employees in academic libraries in tough times. Motivation is the process that account for an individuals intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. Oct 10, 2016 t here are areas of contrast and tension in the existing motivation theories.
Process theories are often contrasted with variance theories, that is, systems of ideas that explain the variance in a dependent variable based on one or more independent variables. Process theories place emphasis on the actual process of motivation. Start studying content and process theories of motivation. Include in your answer a brief explanation why one is a process and the other is a content theory.
According to this theory motivation of any individual depends on the desired goal and strength of his expectation of achieving. Sometimes financial rewards motivate people and sometimes it is just an inner drive to make a difference. What is the difference between the content and process. Motivation motivation is a need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it towards a goal. Theories of motivation overview of the content theories of. Process related theories explain how motivation evolves and is. In this chapter, content and processrelated theories of work motivation are described and discussed. These include the abraham maslow hierarchy of needs, frederick herzbergs motivation and hygiene factors etc. This theory pays attention to behavioral processes of living creatures. Pdf progress toward understanding human behavior has been hindered by disciplinebound theories, dividing our efforts. Process and content theory of motivation and how they apply to the work place 2047 words 9 pages the term motivation can be described in many different formats and views, but according to dr stephen p.
Contemporary theories of motivation in organizational. Motivation refers to a process or a circulation which help us for motivating others. Unlike a drive or needsbased theory, the process theories of. Chapter 5 contemporary theories of motivation integrating. Quit chapter start contents video chapter end web site. Values are incentives or reasons for engaging in an activity. These needs lead to thought processes that guide an employees decision to satisfy them and to follow a particular course of action. These theories are more concerned with how behavior is initiated, directed and sustained.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Goal internalization theories an individual adopts an attitude or behavior because it is. Different types of motivation theories meaning and definition. Here our attention goes beyond motivation, our focal point is on giving you a key conceptual tool to help you manage both the performance of your direct reports management and the performance of your entire organization leadership. The process theories are concerned with the cognitive antecedents that go into motivation and with the way they are related to one another. These theories provide insight into what motivates people to act a certain way in a particular setting and are popular in business management. It seeks the answers to what makes them fall in different category and yet what are the similarities between them and, furthermore, how they can be used. Process cognitive theories of motivation 1 reinforcement theory.
These theories provide insight into what motivates people to act a certain way in a particular. Content theory vs process theory difference between content theory and process theory is that, content theory emphasizes on the reasons for changing the human needs frequently while process theory focuses on the psychological processes which affect motivation, with regard to the expectations, goals, and perceptions of equity. Theories of motivation overview of the content theories. Process theories of motivation written by marla rosen thursday, 05 may 2011 10.
So, there is a potential motivation inside of men which others have raised it 59. Processrelated theories explain how motivation evolves and is. Argues that the behaviour that results in rewarding consequences is likely to be repeated. Process theories of motivation linkedin slideshare. Within the work environment they have had the greatest impact on management practice and policy, whilst within academic circles they are the least accepted. Theories of motivation and their application in organizations. Theories of motivation overview of the content theories of motivation 1. What are superior, content or process theories of motivation.
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